Learn how to close your books in QuickBooks Desktop.
In QuickBooks Desktop, you don't have to worry about closing your books at the end of every fiscal year. QuickBooks creates automatic adjustments in preparation for the coming year.
Year-end adjustments QuickBooks makes automatically
QuickBooks performs certain year-end adjustments based on your fiscal year start month.
- QuickBooks adjusts your Income and Expense accounts at year-end to zero them out so you start your new fiscal year with zero net income.
- QuickBooks makes an adjusting entry to your net income. For example, if your profit for the year was $12,000, the equity section of your Balance Sheet shows a line for a net income of $12,000 on the last day of your fiscal year.
- On the first day of the new fiscal year, QuickBooks increases your Retained Earnings equity account by the previous year's net income and decreases your net income by the same amount. This way, you start each new fiscal year with a net income of zero.
Advantages to closing your books
Restricted Access: You can create a closing date password to restrict access to data from the prior accounting period, including the details of every transaction. A user must know the closing date password and have the appropriate permissions to modify or delete a transaction in a closed period.
Reporting: Any changes made after the closing date to transactions dated on or before the closing date will appear in the Closing Date Exception Report. To run the report:
- Go to the Reports menu.
- Select Accountant & Taxes, then select Closing Data Exception Report.
- The Closing Date History shows current and past closing dates and the user who set them.
Advantages to not closing your books
Detail: Easy access to last year's data, including details of every transaction.
Reporting: You can create comparative reports between the current and the previous year.
Closing entries
Closing entries are entries made at the end of the fiscal year to transfer the balance from the Income and Expense accounts to Retained Earnings. The goal is to zero out your Income and Expense accounts, then add your fiscal year's net income to Retained Earnings.
Closing entries are made after you record all adjusting entries. Once the books are closed, you aren't supposed to enter any entry for that fiscal year. Some programs prohibit you from making any entry even if that entry corrects or makes your books more accurate. QuickBooks Desktop allows you to enter transactions that affect the balance of the closed fiscal year, but it will either tell you that it isn't recommended, or ask for the closing date password (if you set one up).
QuickBooks Desktop doesn't have an actual transaction for closing entries it automatically creates. The program computes the adjustments when you run a report (for example QuickReport of Retained Earnings) but you can't "QuickZoom" on these transactions, unlike the manual adjustments you recorded.