How do I move the a Quickbook Payments deposit out of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts (where it defaulted) and credit it to my insurance account?

Let me be the first to welcome you in the Community, @executive-office.

You can change the standard deposit account (default account) on the Accounts and Settings page. However, once you modify the bank account, this will only apply to future deposits.

Please check this article for more information: Update your Payments deposit account for QuickBooks Online.

Since you need to move the prior deposits to the preferred account, you may use a journal entry for this. Be sure to consult your accountant first to ensure you move it smoothly to the correct accounts. 

I'll continue to help if you have other questions or clarifications. Looking forward to hearing from you again. Take care!