Quickbooks can't give the kind of report you want because there isn't a one-to-one relationship between invoices and payments. Sometimes customers will make partial payments making it too complicated to create a standard report.
The only way, so far, that I have found to create reports that I find useful is to use a 3rd party software called QODBC (the cost is modest, about $200, but it only works on existing and past versions of QB and won't work on upgrades after you buy it; you have to buy it again each time you upgrade QB). QODBC allows a "back door" into the data base tables in Quickbooks. You can get licenses for either QBO or QB Desktop. You can only set it up as the Admin and there is a bit of a process to setting it up, but it's not bad once you know what you are doing. In QB Enterprise there is a table called InvoiceLinkedTxn (I'm not sure if the table is the same in other versions of QB.) Within that table the following columns exist:
CustomerRefFull Name (the name of the customer, not just a database reference)
TxnDate (the date of the invoice)
RefNumber (the invoice number)
TermsRefFullName (e.g. Net 30)
Due Date (the date the invoice was due)
Ship Date (the date the product was shipped, assuming you tracked that)
Subtotal (I believe this is the invoice total before taxes, etc.)
SalesTaxTotal
AppliedAmount (the total amount applied to the invoice as of the date of the report - not the partial payment)
Balance Remaining (if not paid in full, this should show the balance as of the report date)
LinkedTxnTxnType (CreditMemo, Deposit, JournalEntry, ReceivePayment, SalesOrder)
LinkedTxnTxnDate (the date of the transaction e.g. payment received)
LinkedTxnAmount (the applied amount of the payment - relevant if the payment paid more than one invoice)
There are a bunch of other columns too, but these should suffice for the report you want.
Using Excel, you can connect to ODBC and import the data to Excel and then run your reports.
I have to re-teach myself the steps for this almost every time I haven't used it in a while (which is why I was looking for this information and ended up here; I haven't been smart enough to create a cheat sheet for next time).
I've found that the VLOOKUP function in Excel helps me pull up the data I want. I pull up a list of invoice numbers and use it to pull all the other data I want about the transaction payment. I can calculate the number of days between the date of the invoice and the paid date in Excel. However, this gets really complicated if a customer pays an invoice in two or more payments. For example, I have a customer who pays 50% up front and 50% soon after delivery. This is why QuickBooks can't give the kind of report you want.
In my opinion, the QODBC software is worth the price. I find very little info about it in the help sites, but I love it. The QODBC people will help you set it up, but you have to teach yourself how to navigate the different tables. That's a bit dense, but once you invest the time, you become a bit of a power user. I find that most QuickBooks Pro advisors don't have a clue that this exists. I find that the QuickBooks support people don't really know about it, even though QuickBooks is designed to work with QODBC. (If you click on File/Utilities you will find an option to "Configure QODBC", so this is a known solution.)
Good luck!