How do I find a report of my categorized spending (like how they do for credit card annual spending reports)?

You can run the Profit and Loss report, info907.

I'll show you how to generate the Profit and Loss report and extract data that you only need. 

1. Go to the Reports menu.
2. Search and select Profit and Loss. 
3. Click the Customize button at the upper-right.
4. Set the date under the Report period drop-down.
5. Click Filter and select Distribution Account. From the drop-down, select the expense and credit card accounts.
6. Click Run report to refresh.

To help customize the report more, you can click here. Customize reports in QuickBooks Online.

I'm just around the corner if there's anything else that you need help with. Take care and have a good one!