Issuing a new check is my focus here, @CAC-ALD.
Thanks for adding additional information about this. I'll share some information about credit memos and suggestions to achieve your goal.
In QuickBooks, we can only match one check to the credit note. That said, there is no way to connect the journal entry and the new check to the memo unless you cancel the original transaction.
Additionally, I agree that voiding the original check from a closed period over a year ago will change the closing balance of that year. With this, I recommend that you check with your accountant on how to handle this case. This way, your books will stay accurate at all times.
If you don't have an accountant yet, visit this link to find one: QuickBooks Certified ProAdvisor.
Moreover, check out these articles below to learn more about fees for refunded and voided transactions in QuickBooks:
I'll be right here if you have more questions about it. Just leave a comment below, and help is a click away. Have a great day.