Enterprise might be different than pro/premier but I doubt it - so the short answer is you can not do that in QB. In QB an invoice is a final sale, QB does not do what amounts to time payments.
You can create a service item linked to a customer liability account you create for the deposit, and use that on one invoice. I would create an estimate showing the full charges and deposit required and attach that to the invoice.
When you invoice for the order list the items, the deposit item, with a negative one for the qty and the deposit amount,. then the customer pays the balance due