"it shows Check No. and Payment Method- which has a drop-down menu,"
Then you are Lucky in that you are using an older program. We are now stuck with icons that don't work as well.
"and I can choose Add New/AmEx/Cash/Check/Disc/MC/Visa (abbreviated here for some options) and I have chosen the one that applies to the Receipt. but when i modify any of the generated Reports to include "Payment Method" they always are blank, and I checked all the Sales Receipts to mak sure I picked an option from the drop-down menu."
Not "all" reports show the same info. You didn't tell us Which specific report you are using. This info really is provided for the categorization in the Undeposited Funds pop up, so that you can select 'all checks" or "all Cash" or "all AMEX" for deposit processing.
If you look at Michelle's link that I provided, the Sales Receipt ends at $0 because Payment Items take care of all data flow. This also allows you to double-check your values, as a quality control. If you don't end at 0, you have an error, an Over/Short condition, or even theft.
"Re Report for Sales + Tax Total Amount: Background, I charge my clients a whole dollar amt for products and do the sales tax calculations later, Ex. for a 4x6 print = $7.00, an 8x10 print $25.00, etc. So when I was setting up QB I now am having to calculate Tax and show it on the Sales Receipt so when I entered a Sales Receipt I would put in the amount minus tax and have QB calculate and show Tax at the bottom of the Sales Receipt, which is tricky because the sale amount may change by a penny or so if a client orders more than 1 of a product (due to the math of percentage)."
You either allow the program to handle the taxes, or you do this manually. There really is no In Between. Based on what you stated, did you do what I stated:
Reports menu > Sales, Sales by Customer Summary
Customize; REMOVE the filter for All Sales Items, to see EVERYTHING
Set the report for Columns by Item type, for instance. NOW you see Sales tax as a Column.
Also, your Sales tax reports will break out what you are asking. That is the reason they exist.
"When I setup QB I told it I do charge Sales Tax in Edit>Preferences>Sales Tax>Company Preferences and I checked "Yes" to "Do You Charge Sales Tax? and for Owe Sales Tax - (Cash Basis), Pay Sales Tax - Annually, Set Up Sales Tax Items > Most common sales tax Add New and I entered Tax Name - California, Tax Rate = 9% and entered Tax Agency = State Board of Equalization and then I clicked OK and ok for Preferences Window. Maybe I set this up wrong I don't know."
Well, if you are in CA and the typical customer is in CA and is subject to that tax, and that is the rate, and that is who you pay to, then it looks right to me.
Then, you assign this to those Customers to whom this applies. And, your Items need to be Taxable or not, depend on your agency's rules. Then, QB "does the math."
"So because of my whole dollar amounts for my Sales Receipts Complete Totals for Sales Receipts (Sale Amount + Tax) I am trying to get this same Total Amount from a report so I can compare it to the Total deposited in the past to my Real Bank Account. I hope this makes sense and am sorry for the long messages. Thanks."
Have you run the various reports I mention, and changed them?
For matching Historic data, it depends on how you put that info into QB, as historic info.
I have attached a screenshot showing everything I have been explaining. Remove the items filter from the Sales report. Run your Sales tax report. I prove that these match.