Welcome back, gnocchi.

You will not be able to see the deposit details from the Bank Feeds when you create a Receive Payment. You'll need to gather the information first. 

Then, go back to the Customers > Receive Payments to record the transaction. Once done, follow the steps provided by my colleague AlexV. 

With regard to your other question, you'll want to match the payment recorded in QuickBooks to the Bank Feeds deposit. This is to avoid having duplicate transactions to your account in the Chart of Accounts. 

Like what you've mentioned in your first post. If the customer payment was manually added (that is without Bank Feeds), it will show as PMT in the Chart of Accounts. In the Bank Feeds, there are two columns (Payment and Deposit). Transactions added on the Payments column are mostly expenses, while Deposit shows the payments you received.

In this sample screenshot, checks are showing up in the PAYMENT column:

For more details about the customer workflow, Bank Feeds, and matching transactions, you can read these articles:

• Get started with customer transaction workflows in QuickBooks Desktop
• Download Bank Feed transactions in QuickBooks Desktop
• Add and match Bank Feed transactions in QuickBooks Desktop

You're always welcome to post a reply here if you have any follow-up questions or other concerns. Me and my colleagues are here to help. Thanks for dropping by and take care!