I can see the importance of using Online Bill Pay, Ans. I'm here to help you use it and accomplish your tasks today.
For security purposes, QuickBooks Online Bill Pay uses a verification code that you might get in the form of a text message or through email. Since you've mentioned that you're phone is broken, you can get the SIM out of your device and transfer it to another available device.
If you're using an Electronic SIM (eSIM), I recommend contacting your carrier or the eSIM support to transfer your eSIM.
Furthermore, I'll drop this material so you can dig deeper into QuickBooks Bill Pay: Learn about QuickBooks Bill Pay for QuickBooks Online.
I'm still here whenever you need more help regarding bill pay or anything related. Feel free to let me know in the comment section.