Let me help with your questions about using old versions of QuickBooks, Sam.
You can still use QuickBooks 2012 as long as you will not be using add-on services. This includes QuickBooks Payments, Bank Feeds, payroll Services, and other features that require an internet connection. More details about this are discussed here: QuickBooks Desktop Service Discontinuation Policy And Upgrade Information.
Aside from using the QuickBooks Tool Hub, you can install QuickBooks Desktop in Selective startup mode. Here's an article as a guide: Install or Uninstall QuickBooks in Selective Startup.
You can also follow these steps to resolve installation issues with the help of an IT professional to check if the error might be caused by damaged Windows components:
For the registration, I'd suggest reaching out to our Technical Support Team one more time. They can take a look at the license and generate a validation code for you.
You can always count on us if you have more questions while working in QuickBooks. We're always here to help.